IP Address and it's types and versions (IPv4 and IPv6)




* IP Address

 An IP address (short for Internet Protocol address), is an identifying number for a piece of network hardware. Having an IP address allows a device to communicate with other devices over an IP-based network like the internet.An IP address provides an identity to a networked device. Computer uses DNS servers to look up a hostname to find its IP address.


* Different Types of IP Addresses
There are private IP addresses, public IP addresses, static IP addresses, and dynamic IP addresses.
- Private IP Addresses:
  Private IP addresses are used "inside" a network, like the one you probably run at home. These types of IP addresses are used to provide a way for your devices to communicate with your router and all the other devices in your private network. Private IP addresses can be set manually or assigned automatically by your router.
- Public IP Addresses:
  Public IP addresses are used on the "outside" of your network and are assigned by your ISP. It's the main address that your home or business network uses to communicate with the rest of the networked devices around the world (i.e. the Internet). It provides a way for the devices in your home, for example, to reach your ISP, and therefore the outside world, allowing them to do things like access websites and communicate directly with other people's computers.
- Static and Dynamic IP Addresses:
  Both private IP addresses and public IP addresses are either dynamic or static, which means that, respectively, they either change or they don't.
  An IP address that is assigned by a DHCP server is a dynamic IP address. If a device does not have DHCP enabled or does not support it then the IP address must be assigned manually, in which case the IP address is called a static IP address.


* IP Versions (IPv4 vs IPv6):

There are two versions of IP: IPv4 and IPv6.
IPv4 displays addresses as a 32-bit numerical number written in decimal format, like 207.241.148.80 or 192.168.1.1. IPv6 are 128 bit no. and must be written in hexadecimal to display them, like 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf.

Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4:-
=>Increased Capacity: of address space—resources are efficiently allocated to accommodate additional web addresses.
=>Efficient Routing: allows for easy aggregation of prefixes assigned to IP networks.
=>Efficient Data Flow: enables large data packets to be sent simultaneously helping to conserve bandwidth.
=>Security: is improved due in part to improved authentication methods built into network firewalls.

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